( 4)Īcute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. ( 10)Ĭhronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. LD50: 2100 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) ( 11)Ĭadmium telluride is used as a semiconductor in solar cells and in infrared, x-ray, and gamma-ray detectors. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. ( 5, 1, 2, 3)Ĭadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Oral ( 4) inhalation ( 4) dermal ( 4)Ĭadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Intermetallic transition metal compounds.These are inorganic halogenic compounds in which the heaviest metal atom is a metalloid. Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as metalloid salts.
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